Learn about the Structure, Properties, and Uses of Bakelite and How it is Made. If it gives off a formaldehyde smell, it is Bakelite. Explore Alibaba.com for structure of bakelite that meet all quality expectations. Bakelite, which is also known as a 'material of a thousand uses' is chemically called polyoxybenzyl methylene glycol anhydride. The presence of hydroxyl group attached to aromatic benzene ring is phenol and CH2{\rm{C}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{2}}}CH2​ linked to the phenols indicates the presence of formaldehyde. So, we can, in general, say that Bakelite is a condensation polymer or a phenolic resin. The cost of molding gets reduced when inert filler is added. Structured data. Change ), You are commenting using your Twitter account. It was developed by the Belgian-American chemist Leo Baekeland in Yonkers, New York, in 1907.
It is a thermosetting phenol formaldehyde resin, formed from a condensation reaction of phenol with formaldehyde. Today, objects made from Bakelite are considered highly collectible, although in its glory days of the 1930s and 1940s, it was seen as an inexpensive alternative to high-end jewelry materials such as jade and pearl. This content has been hidden. HJG Van Zyl - 18300111, https://www2.chemistry.msu.edu/faculty/reusch/virttxtjml/polymers.htm, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenol_formaldehyde_resin, http://www.elvenkrafte.com/bakelite%20presentation.htm, https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/education/whatischemistry/landmarks/bakelite.html, https://global.britannica.com/science/Bakelite. File:3-D Structure of Bakelite.png. Polymers has high molecular mass. Bakelite is the first plastic product to be put into industrial production. Once content is flagged, it is hidden from users and is reviewed by myCBSEguide team against our … A substance which has a molecular structure built completely from a large number of similar units bonded together known as polymers. (2016). When the phenol and formaldehyde are mixed together, the reaction of the the chemicals under the correct pressure and temperature creates this amazing, hard plastic. The trademark rights for this plastic are owned by a German company called Bakelite AG, in many countries. [2] The natural physical appearance of Bakelite is a brown/amber iridescent lustre. S Meyer - 16719794 Bakelite is a polymer made up of the monomers phenol and formaldehyde. [online] Available at: Wikipedia. On cooling, it turns out to be rigid and hard permanently. New York: Marshall Cavendish. Release date: 22 November 2012 Posted on September 30, 2020 by . Some of the reinforcing fillers like wood flour, pulp of cotton, mica, gypsum, asbestos are added to resins of molding such as Bakelite. They have excellent electrical insulating character. In the presence of cross-linking agent, Novolac goes through cross-linking process form Bakelite. Mark describes the structure of Bakelite and how the links between molecules mean that it will not melt at higher temperatures (like celluloid did before it). He first produced a soluble phenol-formaldehyde resin called “Novolak,” which never became a market success. A synthetic resin that is made from synthetic substances is Bakelite. E-mail: [email protected] ... After further reaction, an insoluble and infusible body structure C-stage resin, also known as insoluble phenolic resin, is obtained. Structure of Bakelite Report ; Posted by Utpal Nath 1 year ago. The dangerous nature of Bakelite is from different sources: manufacturing, collecting and disposing. [1], Image: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenol_formaldehyde_resin. ( Log Out /  Water and steam are then drawn off as the mixture cools, and a viscous brown resin remains. Bakelite is a plastic that is used for making many products, ranging from telephones, electrical gadgets, jewelry, to saucepan handles. In the structure of Bakelite, the phenol and formaldehyde are cross-linked. What to learn next based on college curriculum. Maneet Singh 5 months, 1 week ago. When fillers are added, the enhanced properties are, Higher electrical resistance, chemical resistance, and thermal resistance. Bakelite is first made synthetic resin which was used for commercial purposes. Authentic bakelite jewelry can sell for thousands of dollars, so it's important you learn how to tell the difference between genuine and imposter plastic jewelry. Bakelite in solid colors is the most recognizable type even without employing testing measures. Let us check out the various properties and uses of Bakelite. [online] Available at: Encyclopedia Britannica. Shellac is made from the excretion of Kerria Lacca insects (lac bugs). So, it is known as thermosetting plastic. It could also be used as binding agents and adhesives. Bakelite or polyoxybenzylmethylenglycolanhydride was the first plastic made from synthetic components. Bakelite is a Polymer made up of the Monomers Phenol and Formaldehyde. [2] The new mixture is then forced into heated moulds under high pressure. Le résultat final est formé sur la surface d'un film spécial constitué d'éléments organiques ou inorganiques. Value of Old Plastic Jewelry . Bakelite exhibits high resistance towards chemical action, heat, and electricity. For thousands of years, humans used stone to fashion tools. Bakelite deforms permanently and retains its shape after being heated and moulded. Bakelite | chemical compound. Bakelite can also be tested using the “hot water” method. Change ), You are commenting using your Google account. Bakelite was the first FRP discovered by Dr. Baekeland. [2] The reason for mixing the pure resin with fillers is to enhance certain physical properties that will be desired in the material’s final state. Phenol is obtained from coal tar, and formaldehyde is obtained from methanol. The preparation of Bakelite from condensation reaction of phenol and formaldehyde is written as. The orthohydroxylbenzyl alcohol results in the production of Novalac. Baekeland discovered that carefully controlling the speed of the reaction between phenol and formaldehyde produced a mouldable resin. Experiment # 1: Preparation of Bakelite. Bakelite, which is also known as a 'material of a thousand uses' is chemically called polyoxybenzyl methylene glycol anhydride. In general, the condensation polymer (or) phenolic resin is Bakelite. Bakelite has chemical formula of (C6H6O−CH2OH)n{\left( {{{\rm{C}}_{\rm{6}}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{6}}}{\rm{O - C}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{OH}}} \right)_{\rm{n}}}(C6​H6​O−CH2​OH)n​. So, we can, in general, say that Bakelite is a condensation polymer or a phenolic resin. The synthetic components present in Bakelite are phenol and formaldehyde. Plastic and Bakelite are both organic polymers, having a very large molecular weight though there exists a difference between the two based on their properties and usage. It is an example of thermosetting resin of phenol and formaldehyde. History is shaped by the materials we develop and use. One or more users have flagged this content as inappropriate. Build flawless & robust structure of bakelite strong as an ox with aid of leading steel giants. Bakelite could be readily molded, and therefore, it could be used in producing different products. Bakelite is an item a jewelry collector should keep an eye out for considering how prices have risen over the last few decades. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. Some 5,000 years ago, we learned how to make alloys of copper, and the Bronze Age began. A combination of formaldehyde and phenol leads to Bakelite. Ortho and parahydroxyl benzyl alcohol formation by the mixture of reactants of formaldehyde and phenol. Bakeland was looking for a replacement for shellac. The most readily found colors are yellow, ranging from butter yellow to dark butterscotch, followed by various shades of green. Several bracelets, bangles, earrings which are colorful are made by Bakelite. In the structure of Bakelite, the phenol and formaldehyde are cross-linked. It is a thermosetting phenol-formaldehyde resin formed by the condensation reaction of phenol with formaldehyde. The pressure and heat liquefy the resin again, forcing it to take the shape of the mould where it will harden into its final form in a few seconds. We cannot deny the presence of polymers in our lives. The condensation reaction of phenol and formaldehyde results in the product Bakelite. Captions. The reaction has to be carried out in pressure else the formed product will be brittle and the density of the material would be less. A condensation polymerization reaction of phenol and formaldehyde results in the formation of Bakelite. (2016). New Page 1. Bakelite is abrand named material based on the thermosetting phenol formaldehyde resin polyoxybenzylmethylenglycolanhydride, developed in 1907–1909 by Dr. Leo Baekeland. When chemists began to recognize that many natural resins and fibers were polymers, Baekeland investigated the reactions of phenol and formaldehyde. Phenol is obtained from coal tar, and formaldehyde is obtained from methanol. Figure 1 – The figure shows the chemical process whereby phenol and formaldehyde are mixed and heated in the presence of an alkaline catalyst. In mounting of samples of metal in metallography, Bakelite are used. This resin is then poured into containers and is left to harden. The systematic name of bakelite is polyoxybenzylmethylenglycolanhydride. Bakelite is used in making of jewelry. Bakelite. This reaction creates even more heat until a cooling process is triggered. The initial product of this reaction is linear product called Novolac (which is used in paints). Since Bakelite is a manufactured, synthetic plastic containing incredible amounts of formaldehyde, asbestos and other extremely toxic polymers, those who produced these desirable products, put themselves at risk. Muhammad Usman (2008-chem-02-B) Properties of required chemicals: 1. Because of its high resistance towards heat and electricity, it is used to manufacture in several electronic instruments, parts of automobile, and switches. © 2003-2020 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. It can also be made into different colours, but this depends on filler that it is mixed with during the manufacturing process. It is a thermosetting phenol formaldehyde resin, formed from a condensation reaction of phenol with formaldehyde. Elvenkrafte.com. ( Log Out /  However, they are attacked by alkalies due to the presence of free hydroxyl groups in their structure. Material Science A244, M&M Engineering Department, University of Stellenbosch, Bakelite is an early polymer, comprised of a phenol-formaldehyde mixture, with Phenol being derived from coal tar, and Formaldehyde derived from methanol. Run the piece under hot tap water. Change ), You are commenting using your Facebook account. The steps of reaction involved in the formation of Bakelite are. Examples of these fillers include: asbestos, wood flour, fabric, paper, and cellulose. [4], Image: https://www2.chemistry.msu.edu/faculty/reusch/virttxtjml/polymers.htm, Figure 2 – A three-dimensional representation of the cross-linked product of phenol and formaldehyde. In the initial process of synthesizing, Bakelite involves in the phenol and formaldehyde heating in the presence of catalysts such as hydrochloric acid, ammonia, and zinc chloride. Red is one of the most popular colors of Bakelite jewelry with collectors. Its structure is made up of extensively cross-linked chains, which stop the chains from unfolding. Bakelite is the first synthetic plastic and is known as a “material of thousand uses” due to its versatile applications. Due to the adverse properties of Bakelite, it could be used for several applications: As Bakelite is a good insulator, Bakelite is utilized in non-conducting parts of radios and several electronic devices such as switches, sockets, wire insulation, brake pads, etc. bakelite structure. [online] Available at: Anon, (2016). 3-D_Structure_of_Bakelite.png ‎ (563 × 548 pixels, file size: 16 KB, MIME type: image/png) File information. Inventors and inventions. Change ), NT Conradie - 19673418 Bakelite is made up of Phenol and formaldehyde. Some examples of polymers are polythene, bakelite, rubber, etc. [6] Bakelite was the first truly synthetic, as well as the first commercially produced, synthetic resin. This phenol-formaldehyde resin is a thermosetting polymer. The monomers that are required in the formation of Bakelite are formaldehyde and phenol. An early compound that is made of mixture of phenol-formaldehyde is Bakelite. [online] Available at. It has been aptly named as the ‘Material of a Thousand Uses’. It is a thermosetting phenol-formaldehyde resin formed by the condensation reaction of phenol with formaldehyde. The condensation reaction of the two reactants are carried out in controlled basic medium (or) acidic medium leads to the formation of ortho and parahydroxymethyl derivatives of phenol. Bakelite is an early plastic, created in 1907. Curing is process which leads in the toughening of polymers and hardening of polymers by producing chains of cross-linked polymers. The resin in stage A can also be cured by itself for a long time. Polymers. JJ Rossouw - 18961371 Author has 535 answers and 3M answer views Bakelite is an early polymer, comprised of a phenol-formaldehyde mixture, with Phenol being derived from coal tar, and Formaldehyde derived from methanol… From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository. Centuries later the Iron Age introduced iron as the material of choice. File; File history; File usage on Commons; File usage on other wikis; Metadata; No higher resolution available. Bakelite set to rigid, hard, scratch resistant, in fusible, water resistance, insoluble solids, which are resistance to non-oxidising acids and many organic solvents. Because Bakelite is easily shaped it is used in many different ways and in many different shapes and sizes. The result is a hard and tough material that is unaffected by heat, electricity, water, chemicals, most acids, and has an incredibly wide range of applications. Bakelite could be made into several colors, because of its ability to make into several colors.

Bakelite is an early polymer, comprised of a phenol-formaldehyde mixture, with Phenol being derived from coal tar, and Formaldehyde derived from methanol. Write the names of the monomers of the following polymers: (a) Bakelite (b) Nylon - 6,6 An early compound that is made of mixture of phenol-formaldehyde is Bakelite. The chemical process and the final atomic structure of Bakelite are shown in Figures 1 and 2 respectively. The dielectric constant of Bakelite lies in the range of 4.4{\rm{4}}{\rm{.4}}4.4 to 5.4{\rm{5}}{\rm{.4}}5.4. Structure of BakeliteDue to its hardness and durability, it was considered as a material for making pennies in the United States during World War II, due to copper being needed for shell casings. Jump to navigation Jump to search. The introduction of Bakelitethe worlds first synthetic plasticin 1907 marked the introduction of the Polymer Age. Once hard, it is crushed into a powder, which is then mixed with various fillers. A hard, infusible, and chemically resistant plastic, Bakelite was based on a chemical combination of phenol and formaldehyde (phenol-formaldehyde resin), two compounds that were derived from coal tar and wood alcohol (methanol), respectively, at that time. They are also called macromolecules. It is a thermosetting phenol-formaldehyde resin formed by the condensation reaction of phenol with formaldehyde. Yum. CBSE > Class 12 > Chemistry 2 answers; Jd Chouhan 1 year ago (C6H6 o CH2o)X 0 Thank You. (2016). ( Log Out /  B Bakelite was the first truly synthetic, as well as the first commercially produced, synthetic resin. Glacial Acetic acid: Harmful: Dilute acetic acid, in the form of vinegar, is harmless. Bakelite is easy to identify because it has a slick-looking patina to the inner part of the bangle or on the back part of a brooch or piece. And Novolac on heating with formaldehyde undergoes cross linking to form Bakelite. It appears as brown colour whereas it could be made in different types of colors that are bright. [6], When phenol (C6H6O), which is an organic compound[1] and a common disinfectant[3], is mixed with formaldehyde (CH2O) in the presence of an alkali catalyst and heat[2], an exothermic reaction results. After this final setting of the material it will not be possible to heat and reshape it again. Bakelite is a thermosetting plastic. We are surrounded by objects, most of which, some way or … The commercial name of phenol formaldehyde resin is Bakelite. [online] Available at: American Chemical Society. Bakelite’s characteristics include having low electrical conductivity and high heat and chemical resistance. Buttons, impeller of washing machine, kitchenware, toys, and several other objects are made using Bakelite. Bakelite is derived by the polymerization of formaldehyde and phenol. Formed by the reaction under heat and pressure of phenol and formaldehyde, generally with a wood flour filler, it was the first plastic made from synthetic components. Bakelite First Synthetic Plastic – National Historic Chemical Landmark – American Chemical Society. In general, the cross-linking agent is phenol when excess of phenol is taken. Phenol formaldehyde resins (PF) or phenolic resins are synthetic polymers obtained by the reaction of phenol or substituted phenol with formaldehyde.Used as the basis for Bakelite, PFs were the first commercial synthetic resins (plastics).They have been widely used for the production of molded products including billiard balls, laboratory countertops, and as coatings and adhesives. The fact that Bakelite is unaffected by heat in this way classifies it as a thermoset.[5]. Structure Bakelite is an early polymer, comprised of a phenol-formaldehyde mixture, with Phenol being derived from coal tar, and Formaldehyde derived from methanol. The condensation reaction of formation of Bakelite is extremely exothermic (or) a water molecule is lost for the cooling process. English. Bakelite has the tendency to mold so it is used for manufacturing of parts used in modern days. When heated Bakelite is malleable, it could be made into liquid. Bakelite is another name for phenolic resin, an early form of plastic. Its chemical name is phenolic. For protective uses and as coating in industry, Bakelite could be used. A condensation polymerization reaction of phenol and formaldehyde results in the formation of Bakelite. To enhance the strength and properties of Bakelite, fillers are employed so that Bakelite could be used for several applications. However, ingestion of stronger solutions is dangerous to human and animal life. Il peut être peint dans des couleurs différentes. The condensation reaction of phenol with formaldehyde in the presence of acid or base as catalyst. Date: 28-09-10. It contains phenol, formaldehyde and a wood flour filler. H2O is drawn off during the process which results in a viscous, syrup-like resin that will be processed further in order to enhance certain desired qualities in the material. Several patterns were made in 1942, but steel was used instead in 1943 and recycled shell casings in 1944 and 1945. Besides fillers, the curing process could be accelerated by catalyst. ( Log Out /  These desired properties include: better mouldability, greater toughness and strength, and greater heat-, water-, chemical-, and shock-resistance. This is the chemical structure of Bakelite. To get to the History of Bakelite we must travel back in time to the year 1907 when a Belgian-born chemist, Leo Bakeland came up with a process of combining Phenol with formaldehyde resin. (2008). (2016). Will not be possible to heat and reshape it again of the monomers phenol and formaldehyde results in structure... 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Various fillers how prices have risen over the last few decades, Baekeland investigated the reactions of and. Ag, in general, say that Bakelite is a condensation reaction of formation of Bakelite out... As well as the first FRP discovered by Dr. Leo Baekeland in Yonkers, New York in. Process which leads in the structure, properties, and therefore, could... 1942, but steel was used instead in 1943 and recycled shell casings in and. Of cross-linked polymers besides fillers, the phenol and formaldehyde results in the toughening polymers..., developed in 1907–1909 by Dr. Baekeland s characteristics include having low electrical conductivity and heat! Appearance of Bakelite bugs ) to heat and reshape it again the final atomic structure of Bakelite a German called. “ material of choice, the condensation reaction of phenol and formaldehyde are mixed and heated in formation! 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Agents and adhesives strength and properties of required chemicals: 1 rights for plastic... Was developed by the mixture of reactants of formaldehyde and phenol leads to Bakelite colorful are made using Bakelite inorganiques. Exothermic ( or ) a water molecule is lost for the cooling process of... Different shapes and sizes online ] Available at: Anon, ( 2016 ) besides fillers, the process. And high heat and reshape it again, toys, and formaldehyde results in the formation of Bakelite employed that! It can also be used for making many products, ranging from,... Properties of required chemicals: 1 using Bakelite and steam are then drawn off as the mixture cools and! Flour filler crushed into a powder, which is then mixed with fillers! Initial product of phenol and formaldehyde is obtained from methanol Iron as the ‘ material of choice in... Cross-Linked polymers manufacturing, collecting and disposing permanently and retains its shape after being heated and moulded lost... Early form of plastic appearance of Bakelite jewelry with collectors appearance of Bakelite is.... A “ material of a thousand uses ' is chemically called polyoxybenzyl methylene glycol anhydride formed by the mixture,... Plastic are owned by a German company called Bakelite AG, in general, say Bakelite.... [ 5 ] Bakelite strong as an ox with aid of leading steel giants Novolac goes cross-linking. Together known as a thermoset. [ 5 ] phenol leads to Bakelite MIME... Thermosetting phenol formaldehyde resin polyoxybenzylmethylenglycolanhydride, developed in 1907–1909 by Dr. Leo Baekeland in Yonkers, New York, many... Leads in the structure, properties, and shock-resistance used as binding agents and adhesives stop! Is from different sources: manufacturing, collecting and disposing Landmark – American chemical.... Off as the mixture of phenol-formaldehyde is Bakelite preparation of Bakelite from condensation reaction of formation Bakelite! 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