[2] He also continued to be Lord Proprietor and Governor of Newfoundland for the Province of Avalon. [8] Rather than going to the colony himself, Baltimore stayed behind in England to deal with the political threat and sent his next younger brother Leonard in his stead. In 1649, Maryland passed the Maryland Toleration Act, also known as the "Act Concerning Religion", mandating religious tolerance for Trinitarian Christians only (those who profess faith in the "Holy Trinity" – Father, Son and Holy Spirit, excluding Nontrinitarian faiths). Although Maryland was an early pioneer of religious toleration in the English colonies, religious dissent among Anglicans, Puritans, Catholics, and Quakers was common in the early … 2nd Crisis Baltimore is an Anglicization of the Irish phrase "baile an thí mhóir e," which means "town of the big house." Baron, or Lord, Baltimore is a now extinct title of nobility in the Peerage of Ireland. [3] He was the first of several sons of the couple. He was born in Yorkshire, England and studied at Trinity College at Oxford. The title became extinct in 1771 after the death of the 6th Baron. It is accepted he did this exclusively to maintain possession of the colony during the civil war, as his loyalties were with King Charles. In 1632, King Charles I of England granted a charter to George Calvert, the first Lord Baltimore, yielding him proprietary rights to a region east of the Potomac River in exchange for a share of the income derived from the land. Baron, or Lord, Baltimore is a now extinct title of nobility in the Peerage of Ireland. Buy Calvert of Maryland A Story of Lord Baltimore's Colony by Otis, James (ISBN: 0884906867161) from Amazon's Book Store. [20] A plaque commemorating Cecil, 2nd Baron Baltimore, was placed in St. Giles's in 1996 by the Governor of Maryland. On this day in 1634, the first immigrant arrived in the British colony at Maryland, which later formed the core of the U.S. state of the same name. He directed his brother to seek information about those who had tried to thwart the colony and to contact William Claiborne to determine his intentions for the trading station on Kent Island. Baltimore's fee for the Charter, which was legally a rental of the land from the King, was one-fifth of all gold and silver found and the delivery of two Native American arrows to the royal castle at Windsor every Easter. Involving himself with colonies in the Americas, he was at first rewarded with a title to land in Avalon, Newfoundland in present-day Canada. Calvert of Maryland; a story of Lord Baltimore's colony . The principles upon which Lord Baltimore launched his brief Colony of Avalon have considerable importance, beyond the scale of the settlement itself. Calvert, however, became discouraged with the colony's cold climate and … The Province of Maryland was an English and later British colony in North America that existed from 1632 until 1776, when it joined the other twelve of the Thirteen Colonies in rebellion against Great Britain and became the U.S. state of Maryland. [clarification needed], He married The Hon. The colony was established by Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore (also known as Lord Baltimore), who also governed the Colony of Newfoundland and the Province of Avalon. This was shortly after the death, in April 1632, of his father, The 1st Baron Baltimore, who had long sought the charter to found a colony in the mid-Atlantic area to serve as a refuge for English Roman Catholics. Cecil, Lord Baltimore, established and managed the Province of Maryland from his home, Kiplin Hall, in North Yorkshire, England. This land was not signed over until 5-weeks after his death. It is the site of annual "Maryland Day" (25 March) ceremonies which continue inside the elaborate lobby and ceremonial courtrooms. [8] In 1629, King Charles I had dissolved Parliament and governed for the next eleven years without consultation from any representative body. LORD BALTIMORE AND HIS FREEDOM IN GRANTING RELIGIOUS TOLERATION A little band of pilgrims, sent out from England by the Catholic Lord Baltimore, landed at St. Clement's Island on March 25th, 1634. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/lord-baltimore-104356. Of the nine, only three, including Charles, 3rd Baron Baltimore, survived to adulthood. [1] Anne's father built Hook Manor, a country house near Semley, Wiltshire for her in 1637 and gave the house (which still stands) to the couple in 1639.[18]. Harford County is named for Henry Harford, the illegitimate son of The 6th Baron Baltimore. The history of Colony of Avalon does not stop with Lord Baltimore’s death. The first colonists to Maryland arrive at St. Clements Island on Marylands western shore and found the settlement of St. Marys. Although precluded by his birth status from inheriting the peerage, he inherited the Lord Proprietorship, only to lose it later during the American Revolution. The title was first created for Sir George Calvert in 1624. Lord Baltimore's family also had title to Ferryland and the Province of Avalon in Newfoundland. [11] They departed from Gravesend in Kent with 128 settlers on board. On 8 August 1633, the new Lord Baltimore, as Cecil was now, was admitted to Gray's Inn as a barrister.[3]. Baron Baltimore or Lord Baltimore, of Baltimore Manor in County Longford, was a title in the Peerage of Ireland. The Second Lord Baltimore left an important legacy in the Maryland colony concerning religious freedom. Officially, it was adopted as the State flag in 1904.[27]. There they erected a cross and celebrated their first Mass with Father White. Kelly, Martin. [13] He also emphasised the importance of religious toleration among the colonists, who numbered nearly equally Catholic and Protestant. This page was last edited on 15 December 2020, at 04:41. This region would later become the state of ​Maryland. [14] From England, Baltimore tried to manage the political relations with the Crown and other parts of government. In fact, the colony's name isn't something Lord Baltimore chose. In Maryland, Baltimore sought to create a haven for British Catholics and to demonstrate that Catholics and … Passed on 21 September 1649, by the General Assembly of the Maryland colony, it was the first law establishing religious tolerance in the British North American colonies. The colony failed due to disease, extreme cold and attacks by the French and the family returned to England. Early in 1634 the colonists entered Chesapeake Bay and sailed to the mouth of the Potomac. He received the proprietorship after the death of his father, The 1st Baron Baltimore(1579 – 15 April 1632), fo… The title was first created for Sir George Calvert in 1624. It was created in 1625 and ended in 1771, upon the death of its sixth-generation male heir, aged 40. Lord Baltimore, a Catholic, struggled to maintain possession of Maryland during the English Civil War by trying to convince Parliament of his loyalty; he appointed a Protestant, William Stone, as his governor. Subsequently, the charter and land settlement was left to his son, Cecil Calvert. The enterprise took place in the context of serious unrest in England. Calvert entered Trinity College at the University of Oxford in 1621. The title was first created for Sir George Calvert in 1624. The territory was named Maryland in honor of Henrietta Maria, the queen consort of Charles I. Although, in 1661, he gained official recognition of the old Charter of Avalon, he never attempted to retake the Avalon colony. Parish records state that he is buried at St. Giles-in-the-Fields Church, London, UK,[19] though the exact location of his grave is unknown. "The Lords Baltimore: Establishing Religious Freedom." George became invested in the colonization of the Americas. The old Lord Baltimore's charter was given to the second Lord Baltimore, Cecil Calvert. Claiborne, the trader on Kent Island, resisted the new settlement and conducted some naval skirmishes against it.[15]. [12], Baltimore sent detailed instructions for the governance of the colony. Lord Baltimore, as Cecil now was, received a Charter from King Charles I for the new colony of Maryland, to be named for the Queen Consort, Henrietta Maria (wife of King Charles I). ", ThoughtCo uses cookies to provide you with a great user experience. Lord Baltimore was granted complete control over the colony, while he paid the king of England in gold and silver that the colonists discovered in North America. In 1628, Cecil accompanied his father, Lord Baltimore, along with most of his siblings and his stepmother, to the new Colony of Newfoundland. However, Lord Baltimore could not isolate his colony from the democratic nature of the surrounding colonies and representative ideas did seep into Maryland over the years. [11] There, two Jesuit priests (including Father Andrew White) and nearly 200 more settlers boarded before the ships set out across the Atlantic Ocean. They had nine children. [5] The Charter established Maryland as a palatinate, giving Baltimore and his descendants rights nearly equal to those of an independent state, including the rights to wage war, collect taxes and establish a colonial nobility. He is the author of "The Everything American Presidents Book" and "Colonial Life: Government. The flag first flew 11 October 1880, in Baltimore by the newly reorganised Maryland National Guard (state militia) at a parade marking the 150th anniversary of the founding of Baltimore Town (1729–1730). Frederick, 6th and last Baron Baltimore, (1731–1771) ThoughtCo. In 1633, before the first colonists departed England, Lord Baltimore published a document, called Conditions of Plantation, which used a system called head rights for the purposes of populating his colony. For every five men transported, 1,000 acres was granted. [4] His father, The 1st Baron Baltimore, converted to Catholicism in 1625, and it is likely that his children followed him; at least his sons did. They formed the colony of Maryland, which later figured prominently in the struggle for political independence. Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore (8 August 1605 – 30 November 1675), was an English nobleman who was the first Proprietor of the Province of Maryland, ninth Proprietary Governor of the Colony of Newfoundland and second of the colony of Province of Avalon to its southeast. Leonard Calvert, the second son, was appointed governor of the new colony; and in November, 1633, he sailed with about three hundred people for America. Died before the colony got underway; his son took over B. Lord Baltimore It is called Maryland, or "Mary's land," after Henrietta Maria, the wife of the king at that time. The coat was the inspiration for the naming of the Baltimore oriole bird, whose orange and black feathers resembled Lord Baltimore's coat of arms. Kelly, Martin. His title was "First Lord Proprietary, Earl Palatine of the Provinces of Maryland and Avalon in America". Your students will work in small groups of three to create a visual that portrays the characteristics of Maryland Colony. Do you remember that in the year of grace, 1627,Lord Baltimore … His mother Anne Mynne (or Mayne) died the following year. The Lords Baltimore: Establishing Religious Freedom. [9] The complaint claimed that Maryland had not truly been unsettled, as stated in its charter, because William Claiborne had previously run a trading station on Kent Island in the middle of the Chesapeake Bay off the eastern shore. Once that alteration was made, the final charter was confirmed on 20 June 1632. The title became extinct in 1771 after the death of the 6th Baron. As a result, the province was divided into proprietary manors. During the Civil War, the black and gold chevrons were used as a symbol on uniforms and flags by the Northern (Union) Maryland soldiers and units and the bottonee cross from the Crosslands by the Southern (Confederate) regiments from Maryland. During his long tenure, he governed through deputies: the first was his younger brother Leonard Calvert (1606–1647),[16] and the last was his only son Charles. Lived: 1605-1675 Cecil Calvert, known as Lord Baltimore, was founder of the colony of Maryland, which became a haven for repressed English Catholics. Upon George Calvert’s death in 1632, Cecilius inherited the family title and also became proprietor of the newly chartered Roman Catholic colony of … Several versions to represent the Colony and the State had been used since the grant to the Second Lord Baltimore. At the same time the Maryland Toleration Act was passed, in the Puritan colony of Massachusetts, blasphemy, a statement showing contempt for God, was punishable by death. Each 1,000 acres would form a manor. Jesuit priest Andrew White was among the first immigrants, and he held the first Holy Mass there on this day. It also flew 25 October 1888, at Gettysburg Battlefield for ceremonies dedicating monuments to the Maryland regiments of the Army of the Potomac and of the Confederate States Army. For instance, there is Calvert County, Cecil County, and Calvert Cliffs. By the age of 26, Baltimore had been thrust into the leadership of the young colony of Maryland thanks to an agreement by his father with the English King, Charles I. The Flag of Maryland uses the arms of the 2nd Baron with the Calvert (father's family) black and gold paly (6 vertical bars), with a bend dexter counterchanged, and the Crossland (mother's family) red and white bottony (tre-foiled) counterchanged cross. Maryland became a haven for Catholics in the New World, particularly important at a time of religious persecution in England. They were Cecil, second Lord Baltimore (1605?–1675) and … At the time, his father was under pressure for conformity, and all ten children were baptised in the Church of England.[4]. Crisis before and during the English Civil War. While initially for commercial incentives, George later realized colonies in the New World could become a refuge for English Catholics and a place for religious freedom in general. Catholics began to see Maryland as a possible English-speaking place of refuge.[8]. Courthouse in the 1980s) facing Saint Paul Street and a small Court Plaza with a fountain. Colonial Governments of the Original 13 Colonies, Founding and History of the New Jersey Colony, Biography of Bartolomé de Las Casas, Spanish Colonist, The Founding of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, The Most Important Inventions of the Industrial Revolution. Maryland is particularly interesting … Nov 15, 2018 - Creating visuals for topics in history truly helps the content come alive! When the Crown realised that settlers from Virginia had already crossed the bay to begin settling the southern tip of their eastern shore, the grant was revised to include the eastern shore only as far south as a line drawn east from the mouth of the Potomac River (including the future State of Delaware). Lord Baltimore's Colony. For more information see: State of Maryland (Chapter 48, Acts of 1904, effective 9 March 1904), Archives of Maryland (Biographical Series) Cecilius Calvert, 2nd Lord Baltimore (1605–1675), English and Catholic: the Lords Baltimore in the Seventeenth Century, St Giles-in-the-Fields Church Website Section: Global Connections, Md. Cities which include variations of the Calvert and Lord Baltimore's name. Once the act was passed, it became the first law establishing a religious tolerance in British North American colonies. Baltimore is an Anglicization of the Irish phrase "baile an thí mhóir e," which means "town of the big house." This act mandated religious tolerance for Trinitarian Christians only. I. Lord Baltimore's Colony A. George Calvert, First Lord Baltimore (c. 1580-1632) George Calvert was the first person to dream of a colony in America where Catholics and Protestants could prosper together. The Calvert family was Roman Catholic, a religion which most inhabitants of the New World and followers of the Church of England were prejudiced against. Lord Baltimore sent detailed instructions for the governance of the colony. The colony of Maryland was founded and long governed by an English family. Cecil governed Maryland for 42 years. The bird in turn inspired the name of the Baltimore Orioles baseball team. In 1625, he was given the title Baron Baltimore when he resigned from his official position.​. Baron, or Lord, Baltimore is a now extinct title of nobility in the Peerage of Ireland. [7] Supporters in England of the Virginia colony opposed the Charter, as they had little interest in having a competing colony to the north. His sons carried on his work. Lord Baltimore governed Maryland for forty-two years. Lord Baltimore (the younger) was a convert to Catholicism. The Naming of the Maryland Colony King Charles I of England specified that the name for the new colony was to be called Maryland in honor of his wife, Queen Henrietta Maria. Named the colony Maryland in honor of the King's wife 2. [9] It also claimed that the Charter was so broad as to constitute a violation of the liberties of the colony's subjects. The 1st Baron Baltimore administered the colony between 1629 and 1632, when he left for the Colony of Virginia and later visited the northern reaches along the Chesapeake Bay (which included the future Maryland). https://www.thoughtco.com/lord-baltimore-104356 (accessed February 5, 2021). He received the proprietorship after the death of his father, The 1st Baron Baltimore (1579 – 15 April 1632), for whom it had been intended. To expand on what he already had, George asked the son of James I, Charles I, for a royal charter to settle the land north of Virginia. Everyday low … They were chased and forced to return by the British Royal Navy so that the settlers would take an oath of allegiance to the King as required by law. Maryland, in fact, became known as a haven for Roman Catholics in the New World. Thus, in American history, Lord Baltimore usually refers to Cecil Calvert. ThoughtCo, Aug. 27, 2020, thoughtco.com/lord-baltimore-104356. He was known as the second Baron Baltimore. The new colony was named after Henrietta Maria, the wife of the king. However, genealogists for Kiplin Hall state, "A number of the early Calverts were buried at St Giles in the Fields, Charing Cross Road, London. As an English Roman Catholic, he continued the legacy of his father by promoting religious tolerance in the colony. The Calvert family sought enactment of the law to protect Catholic settlers and Nonconformist Protestants who did not conform to the established Church of England. (1605-1675) Cecil Calvert was still a young man of 26 years when his father Sir George Calvert, Lord Baltimore, died. Information and Facts with the Maryland Colony Fact File Fast facts and interesting … 2nd and 3rd Quarterly Argent and Gules over all a cross bottony counterchanged (Crosslands). The Maryland Colony was founded in 1633 by George Calvert, Lord Baltimore and other colonists, at Baltimore. Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore (8 August 1605 – 30 November 1675), was an English nobleman who was the first Proprietor of the Province of Maryland, ninth Proprietary Governor of the Colony of Newfoundland and second of the colony of Province of Avalon to its southeast. Sir Robert Cecil, who worked for King James I, hired George to be his secretary. [8] As a result, the Puritans and Separatists began to emigrate to New England in Plymouth Colony and Massachusetts Bay Colony. Maryland Colony began as a proprietary colony of the English Lord Baltimore, who wished to create a haven for English Catholics in the new world at the time of the European wars of religion. Lord Baltimore, also known as George Calvert, 1st Baron of Baltimore, was interested in the English colonization of the New World to establish a refuge for England's Catholic population. Cecil Calvert was born on 8 August 1605 in Kent, England, to George Calvert, who was later created, in 1625, The 1st Baron Baltimore, and Anne Mynne (or Mayne). It is after him that the Maryland city of Baltimore is named after. His real name was Cecil Calvert. memorial to Calvert in England fulfills request made 35 years ago, Burial of the plague dead in early modern London, State to mark 362nd birthday at statue steeped in local lore Lord Baltimore's likeness based on Hollywood actor, George Calvert and Cecilius Calvert: Barons Baltimore of Baltimore, English and Catholic: The Lords Baltimore in the 17th Century, Lieutenant-Governors and Governors of Newfoundland, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cecil_Calvert,_2nd_Baron_Baltimore&oldid=994333917, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from October 2020, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, On the Avalon Peninsula in Newfoundland is the settlement of. Cecil Calvert succeeded as The 2nd Baron Baltimore upon his father's death in April 1632. Cecil wanted this law to also protect Catholic settlers and others who did not conform to the established state Church of England. Think early Newfoundlanders lived in hovels on a diet of fish, fish and more fish? While becoming familiar with his new job as representative another Englishman, Sir David Kirke, was granted the entire province of Newfoundland in a settlement because he conquered Nova Scotia and … Numerous place names honour the Barons Baltimore, including the counties of Baltimore, Calvert, Cecil, Charles, and Frederick. He was born on August 8th, 1605 and died on November 30th, 1675. Cecil was born in 1605 and died in 1675. The Province of Maryland—also known as the Maryland Colony—was founded in 1632 as a safe haven for English Catholics fleeing anti-Catholic persecution in Europe. Martin Kelly, M.A., is a history teacher and curriculum developer. Sir George and his son, Cecil Calvert, were British subjects rewarded with land in the new world. Before settlement began, … The Colony of maryland. He never travelled to Maryland. Download this stock image: . What was the colony of Maryland known for? In 1637, however, Sir David Kirke acquired a charter giving Cecil, 2nd Baron Baltimore, title to the entire island of Newfoundland, superseding the charter granted to his father George, 1st Baron Baltimore. In 1649, Maryland passed the Maryland Toleration Act, also known as the "Act Concerning Religion." Its first settlement and capital was St. Mary's City, in the southern end of St. Mary's County, which is a peninsula in the Chesapeake Bay and is also bordered by four tidal rivers. He directed his brother to seek information about those who had tried to thwart the colony and he also emphasised the importance of religious toleration among the colonists, who numbered nearly equally Catholic and Protestant. He had previously appointed a representative to act on his behalf, this man was Captain Wynne. Other Maryland cities and counties honor Lord Baltimore by naming themselves after him. This was the first continuous Roman Catholic ministry in British North America. This charter would be heavily contested by the 2nd Lord Baltimore's heirs and the Penn family in the Penn–Calvert Boundary Dispute. f my father, and it was because of his fair wordsand promises that I am waiting here in an inn nearthe waterside of our goodly city of London, until wordshall be sent that I may go on board the ship Ark,which lies at anchor close by. Colonial Maryland was a southern colony. He died in England on 30 November 1675, aged 70 years. Cecil Calvert, 2nd Lord of Baltimore, founded Maryland in 1632. Each group member will choose a role (professor, graphic designer or scribe). He also inherited the colonies and lands owned by his father. When he came to Newfoundland in 1627he brought with him two Roman Catholic priests, one of whom remained at the Colony of Avalon through 1629. Cecil, 2nd Lord Baltimore, died in Middlesex, England, on 30 November 1675. [8] William Laud, Archbishop of Canterbury, and his Star Chamber campaigned against both Puritans and Catholics. Two years after leaving Newfoundland he obtained for himself and his heirs the concession of a vast stretch of land to the north of the Potomac River, the future state of Maryland. Anne Arundell, Reichsgräfin von Wardour, daughter of The 1st Baron Arundell of Wardour,[17] in 1627 or 1628. Later, her name became the inspiration for the naming of one of the earliest counties to be "erected" (founded), namely Anne Arundel County, Maryland. [10], The first expedition consisted of two ships that had formerly belonged to Baltimore's father George, Ark and Dove. [8], While the expedition was being prepared, Baltimore was busy in England defending the 1632 Charter from former members of the Virginia Company. [13] With these last instructions, the expedition crossed the Atlantic and sailed through Cape Charles (headland) and Cape Henry into the large harbour and lower bay called Hampton Roads at the entrance to the Chesapeake Bay and the mouth of the James River. The following Facts about Lord Baltimore will talk about the first Proprietor and Proprietary Governor of Maryland Province. [1] He was succeeded by his son and heir, Charles. This was a severe stigma for a nobleman in 17th century England, where Roman Catholics were considered enemies of the crown and traitors to their country. By using ThoughtCo, you accept our. At this point there were few Marylanders yet in residence. (2020, August 27). George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore, also called (1617–25) Sir George Calvert, (born 1578/79, Kipling, Yorkshire, Eng.—died April 15, 1632), English statesman who projected the founding of the North American province of Maryland, in an effort to find a … George Calvert, the first Lord Baltimore (1580?–1632), planned the colony but did not live to see it formed. [9] They had informally tried to thwart the founding of another colony for years, but their first formal complaint was lodged with the "Lords of Foreign Plantations" (Lords of Trade and Plantations) in July 1633. When his father died, he became the Second Baron of Baltimore. The original grant would have included the western shore of the Chesapeake Bay as far south as the Potomac River and the entirety of the eastern shore (future "Delmarva" peninsula). He died, however, on 15/25 April 1632, before his rights to concession could be … They then sailed in October 1632 for the Isle of Wight to pick up more settlers. "[21] This is possibly due to poor record keeping of Catholic burials[22] or numerous outbreaks of disease that overwhelmed burial staff and led to confusion in parish registers.[23]. The later reunification of the two squares of the colonial seal and proprietary family's coat-of-arms in the increased use of a "Maryland Flag" in the late 19th and early 20th centuries symbolised the post-war reconciliation of the two sides of the bitterly divided border state. The black and gold quarters were the arms of the Calverts themselves, while the red and silver were for the Crosslands, the family of the 1st Baron's mother, Alice. Today, on-going work at the Colony is changing the way we understand that past. Home About Contact Establishment Lord Baltimore Conversion to Catholicism Population Growth of Maryland Languages in Maryalnd Jobs in Maryland Famous People Notable Events of the Maryland Colony Maryland Colony Map Climate and Landscape of Maryland Lord Baltimore By the birth name of George Calvert, Baltimore had always envisioned … His title was "First Lord Proprietary, Earl Palatine of the Provinces of Maryland and Avalon in America". Religious toleration became an important issue for the colony. Quarterly, 1st and 4th Paly of six Or and Sable a bend counterchanged (Calvert). After meeting with the Virginians at their colony and capital of Jamestown, they continued up the Bay to the Potomac River, then further upstream and landed on 25 March 1634 at Blakistone Island (later called St. Clement's Island). Soon, the proprietor was having to rule with consultation of the freemen of the colony. [U.S.]), first governor of Maryland colony.. Leonard Calvert was the younger brother of Cecilius Calvert and the son of George Calvert, 1st Lord Baltimore. Although being set up to help persecuted Catholics, … George was an English politician who served as Secretary of State to King James I. Established in 1621 by Sir George Calvert (the First Lord Baltimore), the Colony of Avalon is widely recognized as the best preserved early English colonial site in North America. When Cecil, second Lord Baltimore, founded the colony of Maryland, he expanded on his father's ideas of freedom of religion and separation of church and state. Maryland was founded as a so-called proprietary colony, owned by Lord Baltimore. 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