It will produce 1.27 MMTPA of urea through the gasification of the mixed feedstock of Indian coal with high ash content and pet coke. • Alternatively, coal-derived syngas can be converted into transportation fuels such as gasoline and diesel or into methanol which itself can be used as transportation fuel or fuel additive. Bank Details: • UCG offers an environmentally clean way to harness energy from coal. In the longer term, fuel for urea will be switched over to Natural Gas. Unlike coal-bed methane, therefore, the actual coal is converted from a solid state into gas. • Coal gasification is the process of producing syngas [a mixture consisting primarily of methane (CH4), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2), carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor (H2O)], from coal, water, air and/or oxygen. It involves using products of coal gasification to replace natural gas in the fertiliser manufacturing process. Then, the exhaust heat from the gas turbine can be captured and used to generate steam for a steam turbine-generator. This will help in meeting the energy demands. This was stated by Sh. • Environmental concern: As many of the coal blocks are in ecologically sensitive areas,environment safety is a concern. • Coal in India is constrained by growing land acquisition problem and stringent environmental laws. Coal washing is one of the practices being promoted as a measure to encourage clean coal technologies and Coal India Limited (CIL) is in the process of setting up sixteen new coal washeries with a total throughput capacity of 92.1 million tonnes per year through global tendering process. The syngas can be used in a variety of applications such as in the production of electricity and making chemical products, such as … 2020 Best Mock Test... RPSC RAS/RTS Prelims 2020-21 Course: GRASP IAS is the... 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The syngas is converted into liquid hydrocarbons, through a catalytic reaction using cobalt as catalyst by Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) Synthesis. Recently Odisha’s Talcher fertilizer plant was awarded a contract for starting a coal gasification unit for the production of urea and Ammonia. The oxygen and water within the coal seam react with the coal to produce syngas, which is withdrawn through a production well. 1B, Second Floor,Pusa Road, Karol Bagh, New Delhi - 110005 (Beside Karol Bagh Metro Station Gate No. What are the Applications of byproducts of UGC? Creating IAS from the grassroots of our nation. • Suitable coal deposit: Though technically feasible,number of sites geologically and hydrologically suitable are limited. • ONGC drilled two pilot wells near Mehsana city, in North Gujarat. • Increases worker safety as no mining operations involved. From UPSC perspective, the following things are important : Mains level : Benefits of Coal Gasification. Syngas from UCG can be used as a feed stock for CTL for production of clean synthetic liquid fuels using Fischer Tropsch process. The construction has already started in 3 washeries. GK Articles, News, Current Affairs, Trivia Questions and Updates about Underground Coal Gasification for students and aspirants of UPSC, Civil services and other competitive examinations. The Ministry also said that India currently imports 50 to 70 lakh tonnes of urea every year, and that the revival of the units would help increase the availability of domestically produced fertilizers. But, ‘underground coal gasification’, can create 6,900 trillion cubic feet of gas which is way HIGHER than shale reserves. It is important to spell out specific criteria that must be met before UCG may be considered for a large commercial application, especially given complex nature of UCG technology that combines geotechnical, chemical, and mining aspects. Types of Coal and their properties: Bituminous, Lignite, Anthracite and peat coal reserve in India Problems of Indian coal Under-ground coal gasification: features and benefits. • UCG is an in-situ gasification process carried out in non-mined coal seams using injection of oxidants, and bringing the product gas to surface through production wells drilled from the surface. The syngas can be used in a variety of applications such as in the production of electricity and making chemical products, such as fertilizers. India is well positioned to take up UCG for extracting energy from isolated geographical locations. We ask students to login via google as we share a lot of our content over google drive. Integrated coal gasification combined cycle is a promising and a high efficiency power generation technology which gasifies coal and makes use of this gas and waste heat to make the turbines run and thereby improve thermal efficiency. Most Important UPSC IAS topics for UPSC Exam 2021:... UPSC Mains Test Series ! - Mining is a labour-intensive sector, thus, a supporting coal transport infrastructure will need to be developed, including rail junctions. What is the INDIA’s potential in this field? A/C Name: APEIROGON TECHNOLOGIES PVT. Two notable uses of syngas are in producing ammonia and methanol and their derivatives. What is underground coal gasification process? Coal gasification is the process of converting coal into synthesis gas (also called syngas), which is a mixture of hydrogen (H2), carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2). What is Underground coal gasification? It produces Syngas which is a mixture consisting primarily of methane (CH4), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen … • Possibilities of using CO2 from the gas for enhanced oil recovery exist. What is coal gasification, the project at Talcher? What is Underground Coal Gasification (UCG)? The hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide and CO2 are then siphoned off through a second borehole. The process involves pumping oxygen and steam through a small borehole into the coal seam to produce a small and controlled combustion. • Underground coal gasification (UCG) is an industrial process which converts coal into product gas (predominant product gases are methane, hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide). • UCG overcomes hazards of underground and open cast mining operations. LTD is the parent company of CIVILSDAILY IAS. “One proven technology, two line-ups” RESIDUE GASIFICATION PROCESS. But coal is dirty to burn. 8) Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan (Self-reliant India Mission) is a campaign launched by the Central Government of India which included an Rs.20 lakh crore economic stimulus package and a number of reform proposals. Urea is currently produced using pooled natural gas, which comprises of both domestic natural gas and imported LNG. Coal gasification is the process of converting coal into synthesis gas (also called syngas), which is a mixture of hydrogen (H2), carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2). • ONGC has taken Skochinsky Institute of Mining, Russia, and world’s foremost leaders in UCG Technology, as its technical collaborator. India has 293 billion tonnes of coal lying under its soil. Unlike coal-bed methane, therefore, the actual coal is converted from a solid state into gas. CH4 and CO2 are the other two major products and their content goes up with increasing pressure and H2+CO content going down. exist. 8) CIL, NLC, SCCL, GMDC and GIPCL. • UCG produces insignificant surface disruption and brings no solid waste to the surface. • Compared to traditional coal mining and processing, the underground coal gasification eliminates surface damage and solid waste discharge, and reduces sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions.What are the disadvantages of UGC? LTD With oil prices continuously rising and unrest in the Middle East, utilizing our coal reserves seems a likely option for the United States. The decision is geared towards reducing India’s reliance on imports and helping the country meet its CoP-21 Paris Agreement commitments. The process involves pumping oxygen and steam through a small borehole into the coal seam to produce a small and controlled combustion. • India has a coal reserve of 285 billion tonnes.80 % is non metallurgical (high ash content).out of this non-metallurgical coal India’s coal is largely dominated by inferior coal (80%), found in the depth of 300-1200 met. Coal gasification is one of the more water-intensive forms of energy production. India has to test the process using its own coal for adaptation, design and power generation. • Contamination of aquifer if not decommissioned properly. • Cost of production for this energy resource could be as low as US$ 1.0-1.5 per MMBTU. Coal gasification is the process of converting coal into synthesis gas (also called syngas), which is a mixture of hydrogen (H2), carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2). The Union Cabinet has approved a policy framework for development of Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) in unexplored coal and lignite bearing areas in the country. Coal Gasification Economics and Efficiency: A Comparison Study By David Fenton November 20th, 2006 Contents Purpose Conventional Basis Results IGCC Basis Results Comparisons Conclusions Purpose To compare conventional coal and IGCC power plants in the following aspects: Plant efficiency Pollution amounts Capital cost Operating cost Conventional Coal Basis 500 MW, … Brain Booster for UPSC & State PCS Examination Topic: Coal Gasification हिंदी में ब्रेन बूस्टर के लिए यहाँ क्लिक करें • Bye products of significant commercial value will be hydrocarbons, phenols, anhydrous NH3 and clean water. • The hydrogen obtained from coal gasification can be used for various purposes such as making ammonia, powering a hydrogen economy, or upgrading fossil fuels. Welcome to Sleepy Classes. Pyrolysis, the chemical decomposition of organic (carbon-based) materials through the application of heat.Pyrolysis, which is also the first step in gasification and combustion, occurs in the absence or near absence of oxygen, and it is thus distinct from combustion (burning), which can take place only if sufficient oxygen is present. The Ministry of Environment along with the Wildlife Conservation Society, India, has come up with a unique initiative — a “firefly bird diverter” for overhead power lines in areas where Great Indian Bustard (GIB) populations are found in the wild. FREE. This would help reduce India’s dependence on gas imports and help utilize its vast coal reserves. H2 and CO are the main products of gasification. An oxidant, usually air, flows through an injection well and into a cavity in a coal seam. - Encouraging coal gasification is the way forward in judiciously using our coal resources in an environment-friendly manner. Case study: cougar energy plant Queensland (Australia) exploded and subsequently benzene was found in ground water. >>> Conclusion : To access the same, a google account is a must. Coal gasification It is the process of producing syngas—a mixture consisting primarily of carbon monoxide, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, natural gas, and water vapour —from coal and water, air and/or oxygen. Underground coal gasification (UCG) involves the unmined coal seams that are reacted underground, with insufficient oxygen for complete combustion, to create syngas. The rate of pyrolysis increases with temperature. • UCG reduces capital investment, operating costs, and the output gases cost by 25 to 50% as compared to surface gasification. As part of the relief measures in the aftermath of COVID-19, the Prime Minister announced a special economic package and gave a clarion call for “Atmanirbhar Bharat” or … Here CO2 will be pumped in to coal seam. The usage of locally available coal for making fertilizers would help reduce the import of LNG. The syngas can be used in a variety of applications such as in the production of electricity and making chemical products, such as … A/C No: xxxxxxxxxx2695 Historically, coal was gasified to produce coal gas, also known as "town gas". The Government of India plans to push coal gasification technology. Coal Gasification and Liquefaction. Coal has better absorption capacity of CO2 and it will result in more desorption of CBM. The coal gasification process holds good potential in the future, with coal being the most abundantly available fossil fuel across the world, and that even low-grade coal can be used in the process. • About 350 m3 gas can be produced per tonne of coal. Details: The commercialisation of coal mining was announced in tranche 4 of the Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan. With no committed supply assurance of Natural Gas, Syngas from Underground Coal Gasification can be an alternative as a feed stock. The project’s environment-friendliness would help India in meeting its commitments under the CoP-21 Paris Agreement. ; The government had announced that it would remove the government monopoly on coal mining by introducing commercial mining on a revenue sharing basis. Coal Gasification The process of Coal Gasification chemically transforms the fossil fuel into Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG), instead of burning fossil fuel. Coal liquefaction It is a process of converting coal into liquid hydrocarbons: liquid fuels and petrochemicals. Coal gasification is the process of converting coal into synthesis gas (also called syngas), which is a mixture of hydrogen (H2), carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2). Coal gasification is carried out with limited amount of O2 which is around one-fifth to one-third of the theoretically O2 required for complete combustion. Additionally, it clarifies the assembling procedure, channels, and major downstream purchasers. • In UCG process, ash/ slug removal is not required as they remain in the cavities. • It will also strengthen “national policy on sustainable energy resource” through clean coal. Fifteen different probable sites in India in the states of Maharashtra, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu have already been studied for suitability to UCG. Ƒ. Underground coal gasification technology, conceived in 1868, has not attained a fully commercial status after almost 150 years of its development. Has greater efficiency than conventional coal-burning because it can effectively use the gases twice: the coal gases are first cleansed of impurities and fired in a turbine to generate electricity. • Methane or natural gas extracted from coal gasification can be converted into LNG for direct use as fuel in transport sector. These products can be used for power generation and industrial processes. Oxygen and water is pumped in seam which decomposes coal in … Commercial coal mining. • In current practice, large-scale instances of coal gasification are primarily for electricity generation, for production of chemical feedstocks, or for production of synthetic natural gas. The unit secured orders for key gasification equipment from Wuhan Engineering, China against stiff Chinese competition for Talcher Fertilizer, which is the first-of-its-kind coal gasification project in India. Decision in this regard was taken by Union Cabinet Committee meeting chaired by the Prime Minister Narendra Modi in New Delhi. UCG requires much less surface area, thus representing potential method to extract energy from India’s deep seated untapped coal reserve. Top Quality GS Coaching. • Economies of scale: Without economies of scale operation, the project will render uneconomical. India’s CBM potential is estimated at 450 tcf. 2. In News- Recently, the Government of India(GOI) opened commercial coal mining for the private sector through auctions of 41 coal mines which are designed to boost production, reduce imports and raise state revenues. The coal and mining secretary also said that production of minerals despite huge potential has not yet reached the desired level. The hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide and CO2 are then siphoned off through a second borehole. There are concerns about water contamination, land subsidence and disposing of waste water safely. Coal gasification It is the process of producing syngas—a mixture consisting primarily of carbon monoxide, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, natural gas, and water vapour —from coal and water, air and/or oxygen. • UCG is the only feasible technology, which enables exploitation of deep (> 700m) coal reserves, which are not amenable to known conventional mining methods. • Inconsistent supply of syngas: Both the flow and heating value of gas will vary. With limited reserve potentiality of petroleum & natural gas, eco-conservation restriction on hydel project, improvement in technology for harnessing renewable energy and geo-political perception of nuclear power, it is becoming increasingly evident that coal will continue to occupy centre-stage of India’s energy scenario. India’s shale resources at a more modest 65 trillion cubic feet. • Gas can be used to produce synthetic natural gas. • 40 billion tonnes of lignite coal (most of which is found below 300 met).e.g Kalol basin. 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